Question by Teppo: What are the advantages and disadvantages of taking Carim 100 mg?
I am intrigued specifically what are the benefits and drawbacks of having Modafinil 200 mg? Many thanks much.

Best answer:

Answer by Colin
Carim is just another name for modafinil… the only difference in yours is 100mg is half the dose of the 200mg tablets.

In the United States, modafinil is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration only for the treatment of narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea and shift work sleep disorder. In some countries, it is also approved for idiopathic hypersomnia (all forms of excessive daytime sleepiness where causes can’t be established). The usual prescribed dosage for these disorders is 200 mg once a day (less commonly, 100 to 400 mg/day in one or two doses).

For conditions other than shift work sleep disorder, modafinil is normally taken in one dose in the morning or in two doses in the morning and at midday. It is generally not recommended to take modafinil after noon: modafinil is a relatively long-acting drug with a half-life of 15 hours, and taking it during the later part of the day carries a risk of sleep disturbances

Despite extensive research into the interaction of modafinil with a large number of neurotransmitter systems, a precise mechanism or set of mechanisms of action remains unclear. It seems that modafinil, like other stimulants, increases the release of monoamines, specifically the catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine, from the synaptic terminals. However, modafinil also elevates hypothalamic histamine levels, leading some researchers to consider Modafinil a “wakefulness promoting agent” rather than a classic amphetamine-like stimulant. Despite modafinil’s histaminergic action, it still partially shares the actions of amphetamine-class stimulants due to its effects on norepinephrine and dopamine.

A National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) study highlighted “the need for heightened awareness for potential abuse of and dependence on modafinil in vulnerable populations” due to the drug’s effect on dopamine in the brain’s reward center. However, the synergistic actions of modafinil on both catecholaminergic and histaminergic pathways lowers abuse potential as compared to traditional stimulant drugs while maintaining the effectiveness of the drug as a wakefulness promoting agent. Studies have suggested that modafinil “has limited potential for large-scale abuse” and “does not possess an addictive potential in naive individuals.”

Modafinil was shown to be an effective treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),however in 2006 it was found by the FDA to be unfit for use by children for that purpose. It was rejected primarily due to one suspected case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Cephalon’s own label for Provigil now discourages its use by children for any purpose. Other potentially effective, but unapproved targets include the treatment of depression, bipolar depression,opiate & cocaine dependence,Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and disease-related fatigue, as well as fatigue that is the side effect of another medication.

In most countries, here is a paper sheet with this sort of information with the tablets. If not, you really should discuss what you need to know with the pharmacist. Although pharmacists are sometimes called chemists, they are rather different and have specific traning in the areas.

Give your answer to this question below!

by dmuth

Question by Eggggpie: Does the line under the newspaper headline need to end in a period?
It is not common that you would see a line under the headline of a newspaper that explains a little further of what the content of the article is about. However, I must include one in my article for an English assignment but I’m not sure whether I need to end it off with a period or not:

“Transplant recipient dies from liver failure after alcohol abuse”

Best answer:

Answer by rejectedzipper
I guess you mean the sub-heading.

Headlines and subs are NOT punctuated except for colons, thus

“Miller to Unions : Drop Dead”

Give your answer to this question below!

Question by denveryay: How is it possible to absolutely categorize Alcoholim as a disease and not an illness?
“Disease” is a very loosely defined term in many respects. There are multiple disorders, infenctions, and symptoms that can be typical of a definable disease. Also, a disease must have specific and constant cause(s), which in the case of Alcoholism is the CHOICE to drink ethyl-alcohol. The cause of the “disease” is the recurring and disregarding CHOICE to drink. A choice, however pathological or illogical, doesn’t seem to be appropriate as a cause or a condition of any disease. Despite the negative psychological, physiological, and other results of long-term alcohol abuse, it seems that it shouldn’t be classified as anything more than a treatable mental disorder.

“Illness, although often used to mean disease, can also refer to a person’s perception of their health, regardless of whether they in fact have a disease. A person without any disease may feel unhealthy and believe he has an illness. Another person may feel healthy and believe he does not have an illness even though he may have a disease” – Wikipedia on ‘Disease’

It is true that if some Alcoholics didn’t have a disease to blame for their disorder, they would not be able to stop drinking. It is also true that because of Alcholism-as-a-disease, many people who ABUSE alcohol are led into misperceptions about their drinking habits. In fact, it is only alcohol DEPENDENCE that could possibly even begin to be categorized as a disease.

An individual who is alcohol-dependent exhibits behavior indicitive of addiction. Drink-seeking, withdrawal and tolerance, and psychological malfunction among others are the results and symptoms of addiction. My father and friends have struggled with alchohol and drug addictions and I have seen the both successful and unsuccessful treatments implemented in their lives.

It seems that Alcoholism and drug addictions are psychological disorders that in a vast majority of instances could be cured by a conscious choice (however difficult) to STOP using the cause of the addiction. It has been proven in many instances that an addict can stop using the object of their addiction without any complications, as long as they are commited to quitting.

It seems that diseases should only be those such as Cancer, Diabetes, Hepatitis and the like. People who have these diseases cannot make a choice to simply stop a behavior to ease their pains. Whereas, although undoubtedly difficult, an addict can ease his or her addiction by making a powerful choice to stop using.

By allowing alcoholism to be categorized as a disease, it seems that negative stigma is removed from addicts’ behaviors and people who drink are given an excuse to justify their behavior. Instead of feeling like they’ve let themselves and their families down, they are able to blam their behavior on a cause outside of their control, which is simply not true.

“Neither the U.S. Veterans Administration nor the Social Security Administration makes payments to individuals, whose disabilities stem from substance abuse, including alcoholism.” – From Shoutwire

I am NOT pro- or anti- any of this I am looking for factual objective evidence and ideas that could lead to helping me understand why Alchoholism is given reprieve by its disease classification.

Best answer:

Answer by kentuckyredhead5353
Well about half way through I had a problem and I developed this question. What is the difference with what you were saying in comparison to a cigarette smoker for some it’s the habit and the motion and some get physically sick for the lack of nicotine is it not similar. emotional vs physical and different for different personality types? 🙂 Guess I could read on have a good one:-)
OK I’m finally done now i get it, it’s all in there head so all they have to do is get it out of their head and it will all go away. They just will it away. Take 2 aspirins have a sucker and call me in the morning:-)
oh excuse me revision: update-read the last part. it was taken out as a disease because social security was being drained by leagal alcoholics that the government makes good taxes off of. The only help and recourse for a recovering alcoholic, drug user, vet, is a mental health clinic because why did they drink in the first place. Now uncle sam pays for their drugs and kills them off with a lousy health plan. looks who is on all the class action suits that will never collect anything. Trust me I have done my homework on this subject. I know many vets and low income disabled people. Nothing has changed but the name of the disease.

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ASAP prevention services just a phone call away

Image by U.S. Army Korea (Historical Image Archive)
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ASAP prevention services just a phone call away

Story and photo by Lee Sae-mi
[email protected]

DAEGU GARRISON — December is normally thought of as a time for holiday cheer and family gatherings. Unfortunately there is another side to the final month of the year, and it is not so glamorous.

December is also designated as National Drunk and Drugged Driving (3D) Prevention Month, in part because there are those who still must be reminded of the seriousness of alcohol impaired driving.

According to U.S. Army Garrison Daegu Army Substance Abuse Program (ASAP) Prevention Coordinator Jimmie Musgrow, it is important that the community is educated in the area of substance abuse.

“Alcohol is one of the major health problems throughout the world,” he said. “Prevention is a big part of our program. So, we go to any place that we can to conduct a class on substance abuse awareness. That training may include such topics as the steps in addiction, as well as how people can receive our services in the community. There is an extensive area that we want to share with our community. We want to soundly educate them on the medical, social, and psychological consequences of overindulging in alcohol”.

Musgrow said the Camp Henry ASAP intervenes and interacts with a good number of under-age drinkers. That is, individuals who are below the age of 21. It is done, he said, so that ASAP can address those specific issues as they relate to young people.

“As for Soldiers, prevention education works,” Musgrow said. “It’s often easy to see changes in a Soldier’s attitude, especially after 12 hours of awareness education. They come in with the idea that the session is for punishment. However, when they leave, they leave with something invaluable. Most importantly, they learn that they can make choices without peer pressure or any social influence. Also, when any individual comes for assistance and asks for an assessment, this information is kept private”.

Musgrow mentioned a number of factors that could lead to drug abuse.

“In the military, stress has a lot to do with drugs, alcohol in particular because it gives a sense of pleasure and relaxation. Stress from work, stress from being separated from families and also a history of accepted alcohol use can cause a person to abuse alcohol. This can especially be the case when a person is unaware of the resources he can use to cope with stress – other than alcohol.

“The biggest problem, believe it or not, comes from driving while under the influence of alcohol. Historically during the month of December, a lot of people go out to various social events, family events and alcohol will be served there. This is a big concern, and an individual should be very careful not to drink and drive. It is very important to have a designated driver, someone who is not going to consume alcohol.

“Alcohol is a problem if the individual does not drink responsibly,” said Musgrow. “ASAP arms the community with information that helps those who do use alcohol, to do so responsibly. Our goal is to prepare our service members for when they go out and indulge in the use of alcohol. Some good advice is to always have a full stomach, bring water with you, and have a buddy with you. Alcohol is a legal drug and if not used responsibly, it can and will create impairment problems.”

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